Mary White Rowlandson

Known for:  Indian captivity narrative published 1682 Dates: 1637? - January 1710/11 Also known as: Mary White, Mary Rowlandson About Mary White Rowlandson Mary White was probably born in England to parents who immigrated in 1639. Her father was, at his death, wealthier than any of his neighbors in Lancaster, Massachusetts. She married Joseph Rowlandson in 1656; he was ordained as a Puritan minister in 1660. They had four children, one of whom died as an infant. In 1676, near the end of King Philips War, a group of Nipmunk and Narragansett Indians attacked Lancaster, burned the town and captured many of the settlers. Rev. Joseph Rowlandson was on his way to Boston at the time, to raise troops to protect Lancaster. Mary Rowlandson and her three children were among them. Sarah, 6, died in captivity of her wounds. Rowlandson used her skill in sewing and knitting so she was useful while the Indians moved around in Massachusetts and New Hampshire to elude capture by the colonists. She met with the Wampanoag chief, Metacom, who had been named King Philip by the settlers. Three months after the capture, Mary Rowlandson was ransomed for  £20. She was returned at Princeton, Massachusetts, on May 2, 1676. Her two surviving children were released soon after. Their home had been destroyed in the attack, so the Rowlandson family reunited in Boston. Joseph Rowlandson was called to a congregation in Wethersfield, Connecticut, in 1677. In 1678, he preached a sermon about his wifes captivity, A Sermon of the Possibility of Gods Forsaking a People that have been near and dear to him. Three days later, Joseph died suddenly. The sermon was included with early editions of Mary Rowlandsons captivity narrative. Rowlandson married Captain Samuel Talcott in 1679, but no later details of her life are known except some court testimony in 1707, her husbands death in 1691, and her own death in 1710/11. The Book Her book was written to retell the details of Mary Rowlandsons captivity and rescue in the context of religious faith. The book was originally titled The Soveraignty Goodness of God, Together with the Faithfulness of His Promises Displayed; Being a Narrative of the Captivity and Restauration of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson, Commended by her to all that Desire to Know the Lords Doings to, and Dealings with Her. Especially to her Dear Children and Relations. The English edition (also 1682) was retitled A True History of the Captivity and Restoration of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson, A Ministers Wife in New-England: Wherein is set forth, The Cruel and Inhumane Usage she underwent amongst the Heathens for Eleven Weeks time: And her Deliverance from them. Written by her own Hand, for her Private Use: and now made public at the earnest Desire of some Friends, for the Benefit of the Afflicted. The English title emphasized the capture; the American title emphasized her religious faith. The book became an immediate best-seller and went through many editions. It is widely read today as a literary classic, the first of what became a trend of captivity narratives where white women, captured by Indians, survived overwhelming odds. Details (and assumptions and stereotypes) about the life of women among the Puritan settlers and in the Indian community are valuable to historians. Despite the overall emphasis (and title, in England) stressing cruel and inhumane usage... amongst the heathens, the book is also notable for conveying an understanding of the captors as individuals who suffered and faced tough decisions -- as human beings with some sympathy towards their captives (one gives her a captured Bible, for example). But beyond being a story of human lives, the book is also a Calvinist religious treatise, showing the Indians as instruments of God sent to be a scourge to the whole Land. Bibliography These books may be helpful for more information on Mary White Rowlandson and on Indian captivity narratives in general. Christopher Castiglia.  Bound and Determined: Captivity, Culture-Crossing and White Womanhood. University of Chicago, 1996.Kathryn and James Derounian and Arthur Levernier.  Indian Captivity Narrative, 1550-1900. Twayne, 1993.Kathryn Derounian-Stodola, editor.  Womens Indian Captivity Narratives.  Penguin, 1998.Frederick Drimmer (editor).  Captured by the Indians: 15 Firsthand Accounts, 1750-1870.  Dover, 1985.Gary L. Ebersole.  Captured By Texts: Puritan to Postmodern Images of Indian Captivity.  Virginia, 1995.Rebecca Blevins Faery.  Cartographies of Desire: Captivity, Race, and Sex in the Shaping University of Oklahoma, 1999.on an American Nation.June Namias.  White Captives: Gender and Ethnicity on the American Frontier.  University of North Carolina, 1993.Mary Ann Samyn.  Captivity Narrative.  Ohio State University, 1999.Gordon M. Sayre, Olaudah Equiano and Paul Lauter, editors.  American Captivity Narratives. D C Heath, 2000.Pauline Turner Strong.  Captive Selves, Captivating Others.  Westview Press, 2000.

Masculinity Theory - 1630 Words

Google defines masculinity as a possession of qualities traditionally associated with men, using, handsome, muscled, and driven, hes a prime example of masculinity as their example. Although this definition of masculinity is common, it is undeveloped and exclusive to other forms of masculinity. Sociologists such as Raewyn Connell, Eric Anderson and Michael Kimmel have formed their own theories and definitions of masculinity. In this course, we have read an excerpt from Eric Anderson’s, Inclusive Masculinities, Raewyn Connell’s, Masculinities and Gender; In World Perspectives, and Michael Kimmel’s book, Manhood in America; A Cultural History to answer questions about the social construction of masculinity, how it is performed, how it†¦show more content†¦In his book, Inclusive Masculinities; The Changing Nature of Masculinities, Anderson analyzes homophobia, the development of homohysteria (â€Å"homosexually-panicked culture in which suspicion [of ho mosexuality] permeates†) and the change in the dynamics of male relationships. Anderson also analyzes Connell’s HMT and suggest that while her theory may have been a useful way of understanding masculinities in the late 1900’s, masculinity is evolving. Anderson explains how the HMT suggests that masculinity ascribed, constant and one has little to no chances of climbing the gender hierarchy. After doing research on athletes and college students and realizing that HMT could not account for the relationship dynamics of these young men, Anderson developed an opposing theory—the inclusion theory. The inclusion theory suggests that male relationships are evolving and that social stigmas towards homosexuality are decreasing as well as misogynistic views/opinions over time. Anderson believes that, although some may continue to hold conservative beliefs about masculinity, there is a movement among younger generations that is more accepting and encouraging of fluid presentations of masculinity. Michael Kimmel’s, Manhood in America; A Cultural History, traces masculinity over time, starting in colonial times to present day. 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Kimmel urges the reader to realize that men are grouped into very distinct and limiting meanings of masculinity. He states that men, whether consciously or subconsciously, fear being ostracized as being too feminine by other males, and it is this fear which continues a cycle of homophobia and exclusion within masculinity. Men are all putting on a mask, in an attemptRead MoreHow Does Biological Sex Affect Society?899 Words   |  4 Pagesfollow. The first value of manhood, is to not be female. Since western culture is a patriarchy, we view womanhood as an immediate assault on that power structure. This means that when men bring feminine energy into a space that are threat to the masculinity on other men which is a problem. This reminds of me of times I seen young boys get scolded for having a â€Å"limp hand.† Even something as small as the way you are bending your wrist cannot be feminized. 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The Young Years Adoph Hitler Was Born On April 20, 1889 And Lived In Essay Example For Students

The Young Years: Adoph Hitler Was Born On April 20, 1889 And Lived In Essay south Austria. He left for high school at the age of twelve and did poorly and never did finish. In 1903, his father died when Hitler was only fourteen years old. In 1907, Hitler decided to leave for Vienna to attend the Academy School of Fine Arts. Due to his unsatisfactory drawings, Hitler failed to be accepted. Soon after that, he received a letter from his sister informing him of his mothers illness, cancer. Hitler headed back home to stay with his mother until the end. His mother died in the year of 1907, and Hitler tried again at the Academy School of Fine Arts. He was, again, rejected due to severe competition of acceptance. Hitler sold his paintings on the streets in order to survive. In August 1914, Hitler volunteered for the army. Later in his army career he received two of the most honorable awards, the first class iron cross. A man told Hitler of a rumor stating the Bavarian government is going to break away from Germany and join Austria. Outraged, Hitler gave many persuasive speeches on why the government shouldnt break away. Later Hitler took over a group and renaming it NSADAP, which is infamously known as the Nazi party. Hitler tried taking over the Bavarian government by force. This invasion caused his imprisonment of five years, but he happened to be released after aboutsix months. While in prison, he began writing his book Mein Kamph (My Struggle). When Hitler was released from prison, he quickly found out that the Nazi party membership has fallen drastically. The party was no longer allowed to have private and public meetings and Hitler could no longer speak in public. Hitler was determined to bring the Nazi party back together. The party began to grow slowly and in secret, and after the stock market crash hundreds and soon thousands joined each month due to the public rallies produced by Hitler. With his popularity growing at an outrageous speed, Hitler decided to take over the whole country. Before the elections, he launched a major propaganda campaign. He soon won a seat in the Reichstag, German congress. Hitler had a chance at becoming Chancellor, but was beat out by the previous Chancellor, Charles Bruning. Now the Nazi was official the second largest party in the country, next to the Communist. Hitler was disgusted with the Communist party, and had their meetings attacked. At this time Hitler was not a German citizen, and a day before he was officially appointed Chancellor he became a German citizen. Hitler continued having storm troopers attacking Communist meetings. A close friend claimed to have official documents saying that the Communistswere planning a revolution. The Reichstag was later set on fire, and Hitler believed it was the beginning of the Communist Revolution. The Nazi partywas growing extremely fast, beating out the Communist party. In the Third Reich, Hitler had total control. Hitler came to realize that he must combine the powers of the president and the Chancellor. Though after the death of the President, he held an election to combine the companies. He launched another propaganda company, and he won. Hitler had total control, and he had to answer to no one. The expansion of on Germany began in 1938, when Hitlers army marched into Austria, and later into Czechoslovakia. The invasion of Poland 1939 triggered World War II, a war that last almost five years and cost the lives of nearly fifty million people. Hitlers intense racism led to the infamous Holocaust, in which, the exterminating of million innocent people, especially Jewish.On April 29, 1945, Hitler heard of Mussolinis death, and decided that he too should die. Then, he and Eva Braun, his girlfriend, sat on a sofa. .u1a26d023d33ff15b2fec31b4787ef055 , .u1a26d023d33ff15b2fec31b4787ef055 .postImageUrl , .u1a26d023d33ff15b2fec31b4787ef055 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u1a26d023d33ff15b2fec31b4787ef055 , .u1a26d023d33ff15b2fec31b4787ef055:hover , .u1a26d023d33ff15b2fec31b4787ef055:visited , .u1a26d023d33ff15b2fec31b4787ef055:active { border:0!important; } .u1a26d023d33ff15b2fec31b4787ef055 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u1a26d023d33ff15b2fec31b4787ef055 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u1a26d023d33ff15b2fec31b4787ef055:active , .u1a26d023d33ff15b2fec31b4787ef055:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u1a26d023d33ff15b2fec31b4787ef055 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u1a26d023d33ff15b2fec31b4787ef055 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u1a26d023d33ff15b2fec31b4787ef055 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u1a26d023d33ff15b2fec31b4787ef055 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u1a26d023d33ff15b2fec31b4787ef055:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u1a26d023d33ff15b2fec31b4787ef055 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u1a26d023d33ff15b2fec31b4787ef055 .u1a26d023d33ff15b2fec31b4787ef055-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u1a26d023d33ff15b2fec31b4787ef055:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Winnie Yang Essay He shot himself in his right temple as she bit into a poison capsule.

Computer Science and Electronics Engineering †MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss bout the Computer Science and Electronics Engineering. Answer: Introduction: User interface is a design that takes the help of information technology to enable the interaction between a user and computer. Any user can communicate and use any applications and websites because of the presence of the user interface. Recent studies have shown that users prefer the use of no interface. They prefer to interact in a natural way rather than through any device. Information technology has starting incorporating the use of no interface by introducing the voice user interface. This can be considered to be the first or initial step towards the no user graphical interface (Singh, Tripathi Jara, 2014). People are not much comfortable in using the graphical user interfaces. The use of no user interface will make the lives of the people easier. Two examples where this no user interface can be applied are given as follows: Automatic procedure of payment: Whenever a customer enters a store he/she has to take several steps before paying the bill amount. This hectic and chaotic procedure can be mitigated by automating the procedure for payment. By incorporating a RFID chip in the payment cards of the user. This will enable the customers to enter the store and leave the store without any exit queues. The procedure has been made simple by an app known as the Pay with Square app. This app has helped the customers to buy and leave the store without facing any problem. Automatic procedure of unlocking car: When a person wants to drive a car then he or she has to walk up to the car, take out the keys from the bag and then unlock the car. This approach is a time consuming method. The no user interface approach can be used in order to simplify the entire process. The drivers can just simply walk to the car and open the door. In the year 1991, this keyless strategy was applied by Mercedes-Benz. This helped the car users to save time and energy. There are several types of cables present that are used for the purpose of communicating over wide network. These cables are classified into twisted pair cables, optical fibers and coaxial cables. These three cables have different characteristics that can be compared. The table presented in this answer gives a clear overview of the different characteristics of the twisted pair, optical fibers and coaxial cables. Characteristics Twisted Pair Cable Coaxial Cable Optical Fiber Bandwidth In comparison to the other two cables, this cable has the least bandwidth. In comparison to the other two cables, this has a level of bandwidth that is medium. In comparison to the other two cables, this has the highest level of bandwidth. Cost In comparison to the other two cables, this has the lowest cost. In comparison to the other two cables, it has a moderate level of cost. In comparison to the other two cables, optical fibers have got the highest cost. It is very expensive. Security In comparison to the other two cables, the security factor is very low. In comparison to the other two cables, it provides medium security. In comparison to the other two cables, the security level provided by this cable is the highest. Noise interference This is very high over here. This is extremely low. Its immunity towards interference is high. Noise cannot create any interference in case of optical fibers and light waves. Distance The distance covered is 0 to 3.5 kHz. The distance covered is 0 to 500 MHz. The distance covered is 180 to 370 THz. Table 1: Comparison between Twisted Pair, Coaxial and Optical Fiber Cable (Source: Boyer Heffron, 2015) Three types of Optical Fibers are: Single Mode: This type of optical fibers can transmit in a single mode and consists of a single stand. The diameter of the single mode fiber is 10 microns (Winzer, 2014). Multi Mode: The optical fibers falling under this category is can transmit in more than a single mode. It has a very big diameter that is more than 50 and less than 100 microns. Plastic Optic Fiber: This category is made of polymers having a refractive index of 1.46 or less. Three types of Coaxial Cables are: RG-9/U: It has 51 ohms of impedance. Its type is PE. RG-11/U: It has 75 ohms of impedance. It is used for the purpose of long drops. RG-56/U: It has 48 ohms of impedance. It is dielectric. Three types of Twisted Pair Cables are: Individual Shield: The shielding is done with aluminum foil for individual shielding. Overall Shield: 100 ohms impedance twisted pair cable is used. This helps in preventing the EMI from entering the cable. Individual and overall shield: The inner foil is shielded individually and the outer foil has done braided shielding. Radio Frequency Identification, video tracking and sensors have different characteristics and applications that can be compared. The comparison is shown below. Characteristics RFID Sensors Video Tracking Advantage Human intervention is not required during tag detection. This reduces the cost of employment (Zhu, Mukhopadhyay Kurata, 2012). The price required for implementation is low (Bao Chen, 2012). There is no requirement for heavy wiring. The recorded data gives the exact information. Disadvantage Any defects can affect the working mechanism of the entire system. It requires standardization. This is less secure and it has slow speed (Tozlu et al., 2012). Noise interference can cause disturbance and it is costly (Wang et al., 2015). Key Requirement Unique identification and automatic identification. Safety requirements Proper monitoring is required. Application Shopping stores and logistics. Traffic monitoring and tracking objects. CCTV surveillance and health surveillance. Table 2: Comparison between RFID, Sensors and Video Tracking (Source: Takai et al., 2013) The information and communication technology has become an integral part of the lives of the people. It makes the use of internet on a regular and consistent basis. Internet is susceptible to various types of security threats. There can be deliberate and accidental security threats in the system. Deliberate threats have huge exposure of risk because the attackers have a motive behind it. Accidental threats are not much harmful as it can be rectified after identification. There are can be several reasons behind the deliberate attacks (Borgohain, Kumar Sanyal, 2015). There can be loss of sensitive data and also there can be loss of money. If a credit card gets hacked then the hacker can misuse the money of the user in a wrong way. Several types of threats are hacking, denial of services, spoofing, and sniffing and virus attacks. There can be modification of the information too. Loss of intellectual property can also take place because of the security threats (Suo et al., 2012). In cas e of denial of service attack the attacker keeps the server busy in different type of activities and utilizes the capacity of the server. This makes the server slow and they cannot do the required task later on. These vulnerabilities can be resolved by applying strong security policies in the system. The following information is given in the question: Application trigger time= 1s Propagation delay in round trip between application and sensor= 12ms Average time consumed for processing request=3 ms Time taken in receiving and sending messages= 2 ms Therefore, total time consumed= 1+12+3+2= 18 ms This application design would save 18 ms and it is much better than the existing system. Nielsens law plays a major role in the internet of things. This law is applicable for the purpose of finding out the speed. Nielsens law states that the connection speed increases by 50 per cent every year (Nielsen, 2014). This is applicable in the case of high end users only. In order to prove the law, a graph is presented in this answer. The graph clearly shows that the internet speed of connection is increasing. The graph shows the speed details from year 1984 to the year 2014. There is an exponential growth in the connection speed of the high end users that is shown by the straight line. The X axis of the graph shows the year and the Y axis shows the internet connectivity in bits per second. Straight line is the sign of exponential growth. Hence this law can be easily proved. Nielsens law and Moores law are similar in nature. Moores law deals with the power of the computer. It states that the computer power gets doubled after every 18 months (Chien Karamcheti, 2013). But when both the laws are compared then it can be seen that the growth in the bandwidth takes place in a slow manner and the growth in the computer power takes place in a fast manner. Studies has shown that the annualized rate of growth in internet bandwidth is 50 per cent for Nielsens law and computer power growth is 60 per cent for Moores law. It has been seen that the people have preference towards a bandwidth that is moderate in nature. They do not have high preference for a bandwidth that has high speed. People want to save the bandwidth. Only the high end users can access the internet at a high speed. While designing a web, a designer must integrate such features in the web so the there is optimal usage of bandwidth. There should be low focus on the high speeds of the internet. References Bao, X., Chen, L. (2012). Recent progress in distributed fiber optic sensors.Sensors,12(7), 8601-8639. Borgohain, T., Kumar, U., Sanyal, S. (2015). Survey of security and privacy issues of Internet of Things.arXiv preprint arXiv:1501.02211. Boyer, R. J., Heffron, J. F. (2015).U.S. Patent Application No. 14/775,870. Chien, A. A., Karamcheti, V. (2013). Moore's law: The first ending and a new beginning.Computer,46(12), 48-53. Nielsen, J. (2014). Nielsens Law of Internet Bandwidth, 1998. Singh, D., Tripathi, G., Jara, A. J. (2014, March). A survey of Internet-of-Things: Future vision, architecture, challenges and services. InInternet of things (WF-IoT), 2014 IEEE world forum on(pp. 287-292). IEEE. Suo, H., Wan, J., Zou, C., Liu, J. (2012, March). Security in the internet of things: a review. InComputer Science and Electronics Engineering (ICCSEE), 2012 international conference on(Vol. 3, pp. 648-651). IEEE. Takai, I., Ito, S., Yasutomi, K., Kagawa, K., Andoh, M., Kawahito, S. (2013). LED and CMOS image sensor based optical wireless communication system for automotive applications.IEEE Photonics Journal,5(5), 6801418-6801418. Tozlu, S., Senel, M., Mao, W., Keshavarzian, A. (2012). Wi-Fi enabled sensors for internet of things: A practical approach.IEEE Communications Magazine,50(6). Wang, L., Liu, T., Wang, G., Chan, K. L., Yang, Q. (2015). Video tracking using learned hierarchical features.IEEE Transactions on Image Processing,24(4), 1424-1435. Winzer, P. J. (2014). Spatial multiplexing in fiber optics: The 10x scaling of metro/core capacities.Bell Labs Technical Journal,19, 22-30. Zhu, X., Mukhopadhyay, S. K., Kurata, H. (2012). A review of RFID technology and its managerial applications in different industries.Journal of Engineering and Technology Management,29(1), 152-167.

Bid for the 2014 World Cup †Brazil

Bid for the 2014 World Cup – Brazil Introduction Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) world cup is an event of a global inclination. This is a major sporting event that has the highest number of spectators in the world. It is a football competition that is contested by national football teams of men (Wong, 2009).Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Bid for the 2014 World Cup – Brazil specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The nations that participate in this event are members of FIFA. The World Cup is classified as one of the biggest events in the world (Clark, 2008). It is also one of the longest international events in the world whose magnitude has been growing with time from the time the event was incepted. The event has been taking place for 82 years since its inception back in the year 1930 (Lisi, 2011). FIFA is the overall organization that governs football in the world. The federation does the overall administration of the world cup socce r event. The first world cup was held in the year 1930. From then, the event was scheduled to be taking place after every four years. The event has been taking place except for two seasons that are the 1942 world cup and the 1946 event that did not take place due to the Second World War which was going on that time (Stroud and Hein, 2009). The number of participating teams has been increasing from the inception time. The number of teams that do participate in the sport has been standardized at 32. The 32 teams come from all the five continents of the globe. World cup football matches are held in different venues – stadiums within the hosting nation(s). The event takes duration of a month. However there are a lot of events that precede and come after the event. A total of 19 world events have taken place and hosted by different countries with a number of countries having hosted the event more than once (Stroud and Hein, 2010). The 2014 world cup final will be the twentieth wor ld cup since the inception of the event. The football matches will be played in different stadiums across different cities in Brazil. The cities include Brasilia and Cuiaba which lie in the central west region of the country, Manaus that is in the North region, Fortazela, Natal and Salvador that are found in the Northeast region of Brazil, Curitiba, Porto and Porto Alegre in the South region of the country and Belo Hoerizonte, Rio de Janeiro and Sao Paulo that are found in the Northeast region of the country (Thorpe and Thorpe, 2010).Advertising Looking for report on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Generally, Brazil is a football loving nation. Brazil is the best performer in the world cup competition having won the world cup trophy 5 times which is the highest number of times that a country has won the trophy in the history of the tournament. The country is the only country to have qualified to and p articipated in all the world cup tournaments since the world cup event was initiated in 1930. Brazil is home to great football in the world. All good football and footballing skills are linked to the country. It has the best talents when it comes to football. Football us the most liked sport in Brazil with the highest number of fans in comparison to other sports (Woods, 2010). Majority of the most talented players come from Brazil. These players include Ronaldo Luà ­s Nazrio de Lima Comonly known as Ronaldo, Ronaldo de Assis Moreira commonly known as Ronaldinho Gaucho, Romario de Souza Faria commonly known as Romario among many others other talented players who are playing in different leading football leagues in the world. Brazil hosted the world cup event of 1950 (St, 2010). A number of cities that hosted the event are still among the potential cities to host the event in the year 2014. The 2014 event cannot in anyway compared to the 1950 world cup event because the 1950 event ha d less number of participating teams. The 1950 event had only thirteen participating teams and a total of twenty two games to be played in only six arenas. The 2014 world cup will have a total of 32 participating teams and a total of 64 football matches that will be played in a potential eleven locations. However from the time the country hosted the 1950 world cup, there are many economic developments which includes a lot of infrastructure development. This has raised the capacity of Brazil and put it in a better place to host the world cup event (St, 2010). Conception of the Bid The FIFA world cup is an event of a big magnitude that is held in different countries across the world. The countries that do host the event are supported by FIFA though most of the initiatives are done by the hosting nation. I am making a bid for Brazil to host the event in the year 2014. I am the leader of an event administration and organizing firm. The government has contracted my company to my company to make a bid for the country for hosting the event. Therefore the whole responsibility of researching and making an analysis of the country is done by my company in order to make a report (bid) for the country to host the world cup. The bid will then be presented to the government which will forward it to FIFA for assessment in comparison with other bids from different countries that have interests of hosting the event.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Bid for the 2014 World Cup – Brazil specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This is a one month event which entails a lot of logistical issues because of the large attendance which is attracted by such an event as it was witnessed in the last world cup final event in South Africa where more than one million foreigners attended the event. Therefore the responsibility that is upon my company is carrying out a thorough assessment of Brazil as a country in terms of many aspects that include infrastructure which includes the transport infrastructure and the sporting infrastructure in terms of the sporting grounds and other sporting facilities, the security, the hospitality industry that is important because of the high number of guests among many other aspects. All the research that will be carried out will bring out the potential of the country in terms of the structure that is already in place and the ongoing infrastructural projects as to put the country in a better place to host the event. Therefore a comprehensive quantitative as well as the qualitative study will be done in the general country and more emphasis will be put on the cities that have the potential of hosting the event. A comprehensive report will then be compiled compile that will reflect the picture of the readiness of Brazil to host world cup event. Findings: The Political and Economic Factors of Brazil Political Factors of Brazil Brazil covers an area whose size is approximated to be 8.5 million square kilometers. The size of the country almost doubles the size occupied by European Union states. The country has a very large population. The population of the country is approximated to be 200 million people. It is the 11th most populated country in the world (Forest, 2012). Brazil has a democratic system of governance. The country has consolidated institutions of governance that have been behind sound administration and political stability. Brazil has good political relations with other countries. It has never involved itself in interstate war since the times of the Second World War (Organization for Economic Cooperation an., 2011). The country has a federal system of governance. It has 26 states that make the federation. Brazil has a president who is elected and whose mandate lasts for a period of four years. The country has a stable government and a good foreign policy that aims to increase its presence at the international stage. The foreign policy of Br azil bases on commercial collaboration principle. The country has set up embassies in seventy four countries in the world (Organization for Economic Cooperation an, 2011). Economic factors The country has vast portions of natural resources which include oil and iron ore. These form part of the basis of economic development of the country. The country has fertile lands for agricultural production which is averaged at over 300 million hectares. The country is safe in the sense that it is not prone to natural calamities and or hazards and disasters. This puts the economy of Brazil in a better position when it comes to competition in the global market (OECD, 2011).Advertising Looking for report on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The country has a positive outlook in terms of the growth of its economy. Brazil has attained a big growth in the economy more so from the year 2000 to date. Its real Gross Domestic Product has been rising; it has doubled from 724 billion US dollars to 1.5 trillion US dollars for the period ranging from the year 2002 to 2009. The country has had a constant economic growth from the year 2004. The country has the largest economy in the Latin America Region. When looked at in comparison to all the economies of the world, Brazil is classified at number ten in terms of the size of the economy globally. The United Nations Development Program has classified the country as having the highest human development index when compared to other industrializing nations (LoÃŒ pez-Claros, 2010). The country plays a big role in the global market in sectors like aerospace, mining, energy and agriculture. The domestic market of the country has been expanding. This has resulted from sound policies that relate to economic growth and the distribution of income. The household consumption has grown to reach 236 billion US dollars by the year 2009. The country has a promising economy which has enticed foreign Direct Investors. The foreign direct investment in the country has risen to more than double for the last five years – from 2005 to 2010. The country has good trade relations with other countries of the world. It has formed trade partnerships with different countries across all the continents. The major trade partners of Brazil include the larger Europe, China, United States, Japan and South America. This is according to the Brazil’s Ministry of Development, Industry and Trade (International Business Publications, 2005). In spite of having a business environment which is functioning well the country the study has indicated that the country has wide spread bribery and corruption which hinders business and development of the country. However, there are positive develop ments concerning corruption. The country has been cited for developing a strong legal base for mitigating corruption. Brazil is more often than not used as model for the development of legal anti-corruption frameworks by other developing states of the world. Brazil has anti-corruption frameworks that are generally well developed. President Lula who is the current president of the country has shown serious commitments of fighting the vice of corruption. The country is still working on other legislations of ensuring that there is the participation of citizens in ensuring that the government s accountable and in sealing the loopholes for corruption (Yadav, 2011). Brazil has a god communication network. The country has diverse means of communication across its different cities. Extensive means of communication that are used include landline phones, faxes, cell phones, the television and the radio. The use of computers in communication has been increasing. The use of internet and the soc ial network in Brazil has gained fame in the country (ACC and Abraham, 2011). Social Environment of Brazil Brazil as a country has a rich culture. The country has a racial mixture. The also has different ethnicities. This brings a lot of diversities. The races in Brazil have a very thin line between them because here have been a lot of intermarriages between the races thus facing off individual races. Brazilians are friendly people who like to interact with different people. Social classes in Brazil are determined by the economic status as well as the color of the skin. There are elements of racial discrimination in Brazil. The people with dark skin are the victims of discrimination and form majority of those who make up the low class in the country (Douglas, 2011). The general religion of the country is Roman Catholic and most of the civil laws of the country bases on the Roman – German traditions. The commitment of Brazil for hosting the event has been going on for quite a long time from the year 2003. All government sectors and departments are showing commitments of hosting the event. The citizens of the country are also showing lots of interests and commitments of having the event hosted in the country (Douglas, 2011). Brazil has high rates of criminal activities. Crime is the major problem to the security of the country more so in the big cities the capital being one of the cities that is mostly affected. A ray of criminal activities that are common in the country include murder, carjacking, kidnappings, burglary and armed assaults. The media and the media have reported increase in criminal incidences in the country. The nature of violence has shifted from gang-on-gang and criminal activities are targeting civilians. Organized crime is aggravated by drug barons and gungs who mostly operate in Rio de Janeiro and Sao Paulo. Homicide in Brazil has been on decline in the recent times. Very violent crimes have dropped in recent times therefore the count ry is no longer classified as a very dangerous country in terms of crime (Human Rights Watch, 2011). Most of the cities that will potentially hold the world cup events do not have high rates of crime. Crime is only prevalent in two of the cities which are Sao Paulo and Rio de Janeiro. The government of Brazil has launched a security plan that is geared towards combating crime and increasing the general security of the country. The government has taken two approaches in tackling the security problem which are the increasing and deployment of security forces and the launching of preventive social programs. The government has launched a national security campaign and has planned to invest more than 3.3 million US dollars to bring down crime in the affected regions of the country. The plan is expected to have cut down crime in a big way by the end of the year 2012 (Conflict, security and development, 2011). Moreover, the country is putting in place enough security details in places like the stadiums, main hotels and media centers which will be hosting a big number of guests who attending the event (Conflict, security and development, 2011). Brazil as a country does not have terrorist activities. There are no terrorist groups that have been reported to be in the country. The country does not have alignment with enemies therefore this puts the country out of the dangers of being attacked and or terrorized by radical terrorist groups (Conflict, security and development, 2011). Infrastructure of Brazil Hosting cities have good infrastructure. The country has good air and land transport. The airports of the potential hosting cities are in a fairly good condition. This is a plus because the host cities have no proper hotel infrastructure in terms of the spacing and the quality to accommodate the anticipated large number of guests who will be attending the matches which will be played in the cities. In general, the country has put in place transport and logistical measur es to solve the anticipated transport problem which include the possibility of airlifting of fans to the cities as well as the transportation by road (United Nations Human Settlements Programme, 2010). Given that Brazil has a good football and footballing culture for both men and women, the country has numerous football training centers. These training centers are stadiums that belong to the local clubs in Brazil which are participating in the Brazilian league. The country has good football infrastructure. Brazil has eighteen football stadiums that have the potential of hosting the world cup football matches. Fourteen of the stadiums are old stadium which have been operating for quite a long time. There are other four stadiums that are still under construction. The old stadiums have been undergoing reconstruction to ensure that they are brought back to an excellent status in readiness for holding big events of the world cup caliber. The country lacks enough media facilities in the s tadiums that have the potential of hosting the world cup event. There are good projects that are ongoing to address media requirements. The country also has excellent football training facilities that have been in use for quite long. Some of these facilities have grown old and are being improved. Environment and Geography of Brazil The country has good geography and a good climate. The country has a varied topography which is inclusive of mountains, highlands, rivers, plains, savannas, grasslands and rainforests. It has a big coastal stretch which covers a distance of 7,367 kilometers. The country has a big rainforest – the amazon rainforest which covers most of the terrain of the country in the north region. Brazil has a total of five climatic regions. The climatic regions include tropical, equatorial, highland tropical, semi arid and the subtropical climatic regions. The different climatic regions have varying climatic conditions (Petersen, Sack and Gabler, 2012). Sustainab le Opportunities accruing from Hosting of the world cup event By the virtue of hosting the event, Brazil as a country could benefit a lot as in many developments will be brought about by the event. This can be looked at in relation to the development that has taken place in South Africa due to hosting the event in the year 2010. Brazil is a country which is in the transition stage as in relation to economic development. Brazil is a country that is developing at a relatively faster rate. South Africa is also a country that is in transition from a developing to a middle income economy. The infrastructural growth which is a vital component of economic growth was boosted in a very big way as in the preparation to hosting the world cup event in 2010. This includes the construction of world class stadiums, the transport infrastructure which includes the upgrading of the airports to international standards as well as the roads and railway networks. There was also tremendous development in the hotel industry which has boosted tourism in the country therefore increasing the earnings from tourism thence economic development. Social and Economic Impacts The study conducted indicates the world cup event when hosted in Brazil will produce a positive impact on investments inn the country. The result of the study shows that if the e vent is hosted in the country, the economy of Brazil will increase five folds in terms of the total amount of direct investment in the events that are related to the hosting of the world cup. This will result directly and indirectly impact on the development of other industries. Brazil will have to spend a total of R$ 22.6 billion in developing to ensure adequate infrastructure and the organization for the world cup. The event is estimated to bring to the Brazilian economy R$ 112.79 Billion. Also, another R$ 142.79 billion is projected to flow to the country as a result of the event. The flow of money in the economy will generate an approximate o f 3.6 million jobs per year. This will greatly aid in solving the unemployment crisis in the country. Furthermore an income of R$ 63.48 billion is expected from the event. This income for the population will impact positively on the consumer market at the domestic level. The amounts of tax collected by the local, state as well as the federal government is expected to rise by R$18.13 billion. The direct impact of hosting the event on the Gross Domestic Product of Brazil is estimated to reach R$ 64.5 billion. The sectors that will majorly benefit from the event include the construction sector, the hospitality sector which includes the food and beverages, the business services sector, the utilities sector that entail water, sanitation, gas and urban hygiene. The information services sector will also benefit from the event. The general output of these sectors will increase by R$ 50.18 billion. Analysis of finding and justification From the findings, it can be deduced that Brazil is a fo otball loving nation. The country has passionate football lovers. The history of Brazil cannot be complete without mentioning football. This is a positive point that perhaps explains why the country is the favorite in hosting this kind of an event. One of the most important factors of success for the world cup event is the number of people who buy tickets and or attends the event as the event aims at raising money for the football governing body. Therefore apart from foreign spectators, a big number of tickets will be bought by the Brazilians boosting the earnings from the event. Also being a footballing nation, Brazil has a well developed football league. The country has a fairly good football infrastructure. This includes the stadiums and other football training facilities. These facilities are a good basis for hosting the event. The stadiums that are owned by the Brazilian football clubs are being upgraded to standards that are required to host the event. This is a plus to Brazil when compared to other countries that do not have well developed local football where an overhaul of infrastructure will need to be undertaken. What is only needed and which the country is doing is the construction of ac few other stadiums. Drawing from the findings of the research, it has been noted that Brazil as a country has never been attacked and or targeted by extremist and terrorism groups. This is an important considering the fact that terrorism has become an issue of international concern and that terrorist groups do target places with big gatherings as will be during the world cup event. The country is mostly marked with internal criminal activities that are more prevalent in only two of the cities that will be hosting the world cup event. it has however been that the government of Brazil is investing a lot in issues to do with security and it has so far achieved remarkable success. Brazil has had stable politics for a long period of time. It has a stable government and good foreign relations with almost all countries of the world. The country has a good record of human rights with absence of civil wars and or conflicts. This makes the country to have a neutralist view by other countries of the world and thus an attracting factor to foreigners who do attend the event. Brazil has different climates owing to the different climatic regions that the country has. Moreover, the country has a long coastal stretch. All these are attraction factors for foreigners who will not only come as football spectators but also to explore the nature of the country. Federalism has helped the country to attain widespread development throughout the country. Therefore the country has god infrastructure. Brazil has good airports. The government is working on expansion of other airports across the potential world cup hosting cities across the country. The country also has good roads which are being improved. Generally the infrastructure of the country is fairly good and the weak pints in infrastructure are being worked onto bring them to good standards. The country has good hotels and restaurants. The hotels are however not well spread across the country. The transport infrastructure will aid in movement of spectators from stadiums to the hotels. Brazil is doing a lot in marketing the event both through the internet and other audio-visual media. Conclusion Brazil is a country whose development is accelerating at a faster pace. The country has a good economy and good infrastructure. The country has a stable government. The country has adopted and embraced modern technologies in development. When all these factors are coupled with the football culture of the country, it puts the country in a better place to host a successful world cup in 2014. Reference List ACC and Abraham, 2011, Advances in computing and communications: First international conference, ACC 2011, Kochi, India, July 22-24, 2011 : proceedings. Heidelberg: Springer. Clark, G., 2008, Local development benefits from staging global events. Paris: OECD. Conflict, security and development., 2011, Washington, DC: World Bank. Douglas, I., 2011, Global usability. London: Springer. Forest, C, 2012, Brazil. Edina, Minn: ABDO Pub. Co. Human Rights Watch., 2011, World Report 2011. Seven Stories Pr. International Business Publications., 2005, Brazil tax guide. Washington, D.C: International Business Publications.Lisi, C. A., 2011, A history of the World Cup, 1930-2010. Lanham, Md: Scarecrow Press. LoÃŒ pez-Claros, A., 2010, The innovation for development report 2010-2011: Innovation as a driver of productivity and economic growth. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. OECD., 2011, OECD economic surveys: Brazil. Paris: OECD. Organization for Economic Cooperation an., 2011, Government at a Glance 2011. Organization for Economic. Petersen, J. F., Sack, D. I., and Gabler, R. E., 2012, Physical geography. Belmont, CA: Brooks/Cole Cengage Learning. St, L. R., 2010, Brazil. Footscray, Vic: Lonely Planet. Stroud, J., and Hein, D., 2010, History of the FIFA World Cup. Scoresby, Vic: Five Mile Press. Stroud, J., and Hein, D., 2009, History of the FIFA World Cup. Stirling, SA (Australia: Murray Books. Thorpe, E., and Thorpe, S., 2010, The Pearson General Knowledge Manual. South Asia: Dorling Kindersley. United Nations Human Settlements Programme., 2010, The state of the worlds cities 2010/11: Cities for all: bridging the urban divide. London: Earthscan. Wong, G. M., 2009, The comprehensive guide to careers in sports. Sudbury, Mass: Jones and Bartlett Publishers. Woods, S., 2010, World cup companion: The essential guide for all England fans 2010. Aylesbury: ShieldCrest. Yadav, V., 2011, Political parties, business groups, and corruption in developing countries. New York: Oxford University Press.

How Does SAT Essay Length Affect Your Score

How Does SAT Essay Length Affect Your Score SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips True or False: Since essay length is not mentioned in the SAT essay grading rubric, it doesn’t matter how much you write in your essay. Answer: True...but also false. Read on for an explanation of why and how the length of your SAT essay can affect your score. feature image credit: How long by Martin Abegglen, used under CC BY-SA 2.0/Cropped modified from original. Why Does Essay Length Matter? Why would you think that essay length even matters in the first place? As I said in the introduction, it's not as if the SAT essay rubric mentions essay length at all. Well, there's at least one good reason to think this: essay length is positively correlated with essay score. Ever since the essay was added to the SAT, current MIT research affiliate (and former director of the MIT undergraduate writing program) Les Perelman has been vocal about how the longer an essay is, the more likely it is to get a higher score. According to this 2005 New York Times article by Michael Winerip, Perelman analyzed the lengths and scores of 54 SAT-approved sample essays and found a nearly 90% correlation. The shortest essays (around 100 words) received the lowest possible score, 1 (or a combined score of 2 out of 12), while the longest essays (around 400 words), received the highest score, a 6 (or a combined score of 12 out of 12). Based on these findings, representatives of the CollegeBoard stated that they would be releasing shorter examples of higher-scoring essays. This controversy first erupted in early 2005, right after the new SAT essay was introduced. To see if there had been any changes since then, I did my own analysis of the essays in the CollegeBoard's essay scoring guide that were all written in response to the sample prompt. Take a look at what I found: Bonus graph reading practice for you in this, an article on essays. You're welcome. As you can see, as essay length (measured by word count in the graph above) increases, the score also increases. Just because longer essays tend to score better, however, doesn’t mean that you should just write the word â€Å"ideology† over and over again to fill up the page. The reason longer essays tend to score better is that students who write longer essays provide more support for their theses. If this is the essay prompt: "Is it important to question the ideas and decisions of people in positions of authority," and all you write is the following: "It's important to question authority because sometimes authority stops you from doing things you want. Like getting a pony. I want a pony. I want a pony. I want a pony. I want a pony." for two pages, you'll still get a 0. Maybe a 1, if the grader is feeling generous and thinks that you made some attempt to write about the issue discussed in a prompt. For more on the thought process of essay grading, read our article about insights from real SAT essay graders. Similarly, if you try to drag out one example by writing larger than usual and restating the same facts and information over and over again, it won't automatically get you a higher score. In fact, you may lose points if either of your essay's graders think that your repeating of information leads to lack of coherence in your writing. In any case, unless you have extremely small handwriting, it’s very difficult to write an essay that presents a thesis and supports it with at least two specific examples in less than one page. Bad hair day by Brian Snelson, used under CC BY 2.0/Cropped from original. Seriously, though. Look at that face. Wouldn't you want a pony? So How Long Should Your Essay Be? Many factors go into determining essay length, which makes it difficult to give a blanket length recommendation. Here are the most important factors when it comes to length of your SAT essay: Vocabulary. Often, the more advanced vocab you use, the fewer words you’ll need to get the job done, which might result in a shorter essay. Handwriting size. Students with larger handwriting will naturally take up more space on the page than students with smaller handwriting. This doesn't necessarily mean students with larger handwriting have an advantage, however; in fact, students with larger handwriting tend to run into the issue of having filled two pages and not finished saying everything they needed or wanted to say. How fast you can write and think. If you need to take longer to plan out your essay, you might end up writing a shorter essay, simply because you don't have as much time to write. That doesn't necessarily mean that you'll do worse on the essay - since an organized essay with strong specific examples will score better than a disorganized one without specific examples - but it does mean that you might end up with less time to write out your ideas. How much time you leave yourself to write (vs. how much time you take to plan). This is something you need to figure out for yourself through practice and observation. Over the years, I've realized that I can write fairly quickly, which means that it's okay if I take a little more time to plan out my essay - I'll still be able to fill up those two pages. On the other hand, if you find that you're a slow writer, you might not be able to write enough unless you get very fast at planning your essay. In general, assuming about 150 words per handwritten page, you need to write at least a page and a half (1.5 pages) to get a 3 or above on your essay (or a combined score of 6 or above). You'll need at least that much space to say what you need to say and support it clearly with concrete examples. What’s Next? Want to find out more about how to write a good SAT essay? Watch us write a top-scoring essay step-by-step, then check out our tips on how to write a long SAT essay as well as our more general SAT essay tips. Discover the secrets to getting a perfect 12 on your SAT essay here. What if you're planning on taking the new SAT? Read our breakdown of the new SAT essay here. Want to get serious about improving your SAT score? We have the leading online SAT prep program that will raise your score by 160+ points, guaranteed. Exclusive to our program, we have an expert SAT instructor grade each of your SAT essays and give you customized feedback on how to improve your score. Check out our 5-day free trial and sign up for free:

Smith Systems Consulting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Smith Systems Consulting - Essay Example e there is an inevitable need to have a reliable password security system that encompasses the properties of both safety and simplicity in the most balanced manner. At smith Systems Consulting, we have been in the business of offering lasting solutions to business information through installation of security passwords that are hard to hack. The proposal we are offering to incorporate in your company uses the most recent art of technology to ensure that only responsible people are allowed to company information. For simplicity and unification, we propose to install touch-screen password system that allows access via approval by at least two company signatories. The number can though be varied to suit the convenience of operation yet still not compromising the safety aspect. With the increasing worth of Riordan Manufacturing, this system guarantees safety and accountability into accessing company information. The additional material needed to implement the system are few as it uses most of the already in use items within the company. This lowers both cost of installation and maintenance. The touch-technology simplifies the system making it the most effective user-friendly password security system which can be unified easily to close all the loopholes that might be used by